Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is a persistent mental illness characterized by intense mood fluctuations, ranging from episodes of hypomania (elevated mood) to periods of major depression. These mood swings significantly impact an individual's energy levels and ability to function effectively. The disorder stems from abnormal brain circuitry that regulates mood, thinking, and behavior, often beyond one's voluntary control. The World Health Organization ranks bipolar disorder as the sixth most prevalent disability worldwide.